This research article examines legal discrimination against children born out of wedlock in Iran. Despite laws promoting equality, societal attitudes influenced by beliefs continue to result in discrimination. The study explores the reconciliation of religious beliefs with legal frameworks and the changes made to the Iranian legal system in response to positive human rights developments. The Article seeks to bridge the research gaps by comparing the experiences of Iranian children with those in other countries affected by Islamic law. The study employs library sources and descriptive and historical research methods to examine the legal status of children born outside of marriage, both nationally and internationally, and the discrimination they face. The Article is structured into four distinct sections: an analysis of Islamic Law, a review of the Iranian legal system, an assessment of Iran's compliance with international conventions, and a discourse on the necessity of substantial positive change. The Article ultimately recommends the eradication of discrimination through heightened awareness and the advancement of inclusivity for all children, irrespective of their lineage. In summary, this research Article aims to shed light on legal challenges faced by children born outside of marriage in Iran, with the goal of promoting positive changes in their treatment.

We are... So, to reframe the inquiry: who are we on a metaphysical level? Which aspects of ourselves are the most universally representative of who we are? How do we fare in the face of the passage of time? For decades, philosophers have debated the concept of diachronic personal identity, which focuses on the question of what keeps us alive. An intricate debate has developed between those who hold the body view (animalism) and those who hold the psychological view (memory) on the question of who we are. The two groups will eventually become so firmly set in their views that they will be unable to compromise. Hylomorphic animalism, or the view that humans are rational animals, living bodies made of prime matter and a rational soul, is an alternative answer to this divisive question that I propose in this study, following in the footsteps of Aristotle and Aquinas. We only survive if matter and rational souls do.

Background: Vast changes in disease features and risk factors and influence of demographic, economical, and social trends on health system, makes formulating a long term evolutionary plan, unavoidable. In this regard, to determine health system vision in a long term horizon is a primary stage.Method: After narrative and purposeful review of documentaries, major themes of vision statement were determined and its context was organized in a work group consist of selected managers and experts of health system. Final content of the statement was prepared after several sessions of group discussions and receiving ideas of policy makers and experts of health system.Results: Vision statement in evolutionary plan of health system is considered to be: “a progressive community in the course of human prosperity which has attained to a developed level of health standards in the light of the most efficient and equitable health system in visionary region1 and with the regarding to health in all policies, accountability and innovation”. An explanatory context was compiled either to create a complete image of the vision.Conclusion: Social values and leaders’ strategic goals, and also main orientations are generally mentioned in vision statement. In this statement prosperity and justice are considered as major values and ideals in society of Iran; development and excellence in the region as leaders’ strategic goals; and also considering efficiency and equality, health in all policies, and accountability and innovation as main orientations of health system.

Applications of mobile manipulators over uneven terrain, for doing complex tasks autonomously, will be increased. In many cases, robot control algorithms and path planning methods ignore some characteristics of a robot and its environment. Thus they have a limited performance over uneven terrain. Therefore, robot instability that leads to roll over is not an unexpected matter. In this paper, mobile manipulator rollover recovery, by using a manipulator and a vision system, is presented. A genetic algorithm and a quasi static model are used to find the optimal recovery process. The criterion of optimization is the power consumption of actuators of the mobile manipulator. The power consumption depends on the path that the end effectors negotiate over the surface. To estimate the surface curve, a human like stereo vision is used. Finally, simulation results are presented.

The main task of the study is to estimate the position error in an inertial navigation system by integrating it with the visual system. The case study is a spacecraft that must accurately measure its position relative to a predetermined landing point. The spacecraft is assumed to be augmented GNSS navigation. Therefore, when satellite signals are dropped out or when landing on a moving marine platform, the data of the vision navigation system replaces the information of the satellite navigation system and improves the accuracy of the spacecraft navigation system. An Extended Kalman filter has been used to integrate inertial and vision navigation system information. In addition, the output data of the vision system, in order to be used in the Kalman filter measurement equations, is first processed by the recursive least square filter. The relevant relations are given and based on the results of software simulation, the efficiency of the proposed method is shown.

This article will introduce a robust vision system which was implemented on a mobile manipulator. This robot has to find objects and deliver them to pre specified locations. In the first stage, a method which is named color adjacency method was employed. However, this method needs a large amount of memory and the process is very slow on computers with small memories. Therefore since the previous methods, had used statistical method for object detection, the samples for the connectionist were extracted by this method. The obtained neural network is very robust against light changes and can detect objects very quickly. This neural network has the advantage of being extremely simple to implement, and astonishingly quick in practice.

With the rapid emergence of 3D applications and virtual environments in computer systems; the need for a new type of interaction device arises. This is because the traditional devices such as mouse, keyboard, and joystick become inefficient and cumbersome within these virtual environments. In other words, evolution of user interfaces shapes the change in the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). Intuitive and naturalness characteristics of “Hand Gestures” in the HCI have been the driving force and motivation to develop an interaction device which can replace current unwieldy tools. A survey on the methods of analyzing, modeling and recognizing hand gestures in the context of the HCI is provided in this paper. Taxonomy of the different algorithms based on the applications that they have been developed for and the approaches that they have used to represent gestures is presented. In addition, direction of future developments is discussed.

A high-resolution machine vision system is presented for strain analysis at high temperatures. The system uses a frame grabber with a spatial resolution of 1300x1030 and 10-bit gray-level. The main merits of the proposed system are: (1) it is a whole-field measuring technique; (2) it is non-contact technique and (3) it is easy to set up and apply. It is shown that the proposed system can measure strains at high temperatures with an error less than 2%.